(no subject)
π https://www.lib.umich.edu/collections/collecting-areas/special-collections-and-archives/history-astronomy-and-mathematics/galileo-manuscript
π https://techno.nv.ua/popscience/rukopis-galileo-galileya-okazalas-poddelkoy-poslednie-novosti-50265277.html

π https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/historian-discovers-a-prized-galileo-manuscript-was-forged-180980615
#astronomy #documents #forgery #galileo #hoax #italy #past #revision #timespace
originally posted on ussr.win
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ» Π’ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π» ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠΈΠΊ Π£Π°ΠΉΠ»Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΎ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ» ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π’ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² 1930-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ . ΠΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΎ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ β ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ.
Π ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π· Π£Π°ΠΉΠ»Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ» Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ 1770 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π² 1642 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° (ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ 1930-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²), ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π’ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π£Π°ΠΉΠ»Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
Π’ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π₯Π₯ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΡΠΊΡ, ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅, ΠΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ Π₯Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈ Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π» ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΈΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ β ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡ.
π https://techno.nv.ua/popscience/rukopis-galileo-galileya-okazalas-poddelkoy-poslednie-novosti-50265277.html

For nearly a century, the University of Michigan possessed a piece of paper that it considered βone of the jewelsβ of its library. Believed to have been written in 1609 and 1610 by astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei, it features a letter signed by the scientist describing a new telescope and sketches of moons orbiting Jupiter. The university held that it was the βfirst observational data that showed objects orbiting a body other than the earth.β
Galileo did use a new telescope in 1610 to discover that moons orbit around Jupiterβa finding that helped substantiate Nicolaus Copernicusβ heliocentric theoryβbut he did not write the manuscript, the university announced last week following an investigation. Rather, the document was forged in the 20th century, most likely by a man named Tobia Nicotra.
βIt was pretty gut-wrenching when we first learned our Galileo was not actually a Galileo,β Donna L. Hayward, the interim dean of Michiganβs libraries, tells the New York Timesβ Michael Blanding.
Doubt first arose when Nick Wilding, a Georgia State University historian and Galileo scholar, looked at an image of the Michigan manuscript, per the Times. βIt just kind of jumps out as weird,β he tells the Times, citing peculiar handwriting, word choice and ink color.
Wilding has an eye for this sort of thing. He teaches a class titled βForgeries, Facsimiles and Sophisticated Copiesβ at the University of Virginiaβs Rare Book School, and he has uncovered forgeries beforeβnamely, the forgery of a copy of Galileoβs Sidereus Nuncius that purportedly included Galileoβs original watercolors of the moon.
In a statement, the university says it is undergoing a βreconsideration of [the manuscriptβs] place in the collection,β and that it βmay come to serve the research, learning and teaching interests in the arena of fakes, forgeries and hoaxes, a timeless discipline that's never been more relevant.β
Per the Times, the University of Michigan is considering taking a similar approach to the fake Galileo. Rather than tuck it away, the university may make it the centerpiece of a future exhibition on the art of forgery.
π https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/historian-discovers-a-prized-galileo-manuscript-was-forged-180980615
#astronomy #documents #forgery #galileo #hoax #italy #past #revision #timespace
originally posted on ussr.win